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High Efficiency Image Container (HEIC), holding one or more High Efficiency Image File (HEIF) If you are using a Linux/MacOS/Unix system, you can use the file command to determine the file type based upon the file signature, per the system's magic file.Īnd, one last and final item if you are searching for network traffic in raw binary files (e.g., RAM or unallocated space), see Hints About Looking for Network Packet Fragments.Īlliance for Open Media (AOMedia) Video 1 (AV1) Image File The National Archives' PRONOM site provides on-line information about data file formats and their supporting software products, as well as their multi-platform DROID (Digital Record Object Identification) software.Īdditional details on graphics file formats can be found at The Graphics File Formats Page and the Sustainability of Digital Formats Planning for Library of Congress Collections site.Īdditional details on audio and video file formats can be found at the Sustainability of Digital Formats Planning for Library of Congress Collections site. Marco Pontello's TrID - File Identifier utility designed to identify file types from their binary signatures. Also, see Tim's SQLite Database Catalog page, "a repository of information used to identify specific SQLite databases and properties for research purposes."

Tim Coakley's .uk site, with Filesig Manager and Simple Carver. The File Signatures Web site searches a database based upon file extension or file signature. There is also a raw CSV file and JSON file of signatures.

My software utility page contains a custom signature file based upon this list, for use with FTK, Scalpel, Simple Carver, Simple Carver Lite, and TrID.

, The Programmer's File and Data Resource.

File Extension Seeker: Metasearch engine for file extensions.

If you want to know to what a particular file extension refers, check out some of these sites: Interpret the table as a one-way function: the magic number generally indicates the file type whereas the file type does not always have the given magic number. Comments, additions, and queries can be sent to Gary Kessler at list is not exhaustive although I add new files as I find them or someone contributes signatures. See also Wikipedia's List of file signatures. Jenkinson (Springer, 2000) that was my inspiration to start this list in 2002. I had found little information on this in a single place, with the exception of the table in Forensic Computing: A Practitioner's Guide by T. This table of file signatures (aka "magic numbers") is a continuing work-in-progress. File Signatures GCK'S FILE SIGNATURES TABLE 09 December 2022